Are you tired of modern designs and craving a touch of vintage charm in your home? Curious about the cozy allure of cottagecore aesthetics? Look no further! In this article, we’ll dive into the enchanting world of cottagecore houses, where rustic elegance and natural elegance reign supreme.
Transform your home into a picturesque haven that embraces the simplicity and nostalgia of cottagecore. From floral accents to vintage decor, we’ll explore how you can infuse rustic charm into every room. Get ready to fall in love with the whimsical elements that make cottagecore homes so irresistible!
Key Takeaways:
- Create a warm and inviting atmosphere in every room of your home by embracing cottagecore aesthetics.
- Infuse your living room with the cozy charm of a country cottage through the use of floral patterns, vintage decor, and natural elements.
- Add a touch of romance to your dining room with rustic farmhouse accents and a dash of floral elegance.
- Discover a wide range of cottagecore decor ideas that celebrate simplicity, nature, and rustic allure.
- Select the perfect cottagecore paint colors to enhance whole-house connectivity and cohesiveness.
Exploring Cottagecore Home Decor Styles
Cottagecore homes have become the embodiment of a whimsical aesthetic that celebrates rural living. From vintage-inspired designs to cozy countryside residences, there are various styles to infuse your home with cottagecore charm.
Embrace the cottagecore aesthetic by incorporating elements inspired by nature, simplicity, and nostalgia. Vintage-inspired dwellings capture the essence of cottagecore, with their rustic elegance and timeless appeal. Create a cozy countryside residence that transports you to a bygone era filled with warmth and tranquility.
“Cottagecore decor holds a sense of nostalgia for a simpler time, with elements that evoke feelings of coziness, comfort, and a connection to nature. It celebrates a slower pace of life and invites you to appreciate the beauty of the natural world in your own vintage-inspired sanctuary.”
When exploring cottagecore home decor styles, consider incorporating the following:
Natural Materials:
Choose furniture and decor that showcase the beauty of natural materials, such as wood, wicker, and rattan. These elements add warmth and texture to your space, providing a sense of authenticity and grounding.
Floral Prints and Patterns:
Embrace the whimsy of cottagecore by incorporating floral prints and patterns into your home. From floral wallpaper to vintage-inspired fabrics for upholstery and curtains, these delicate motifs bring the beauty of nature indoors.
Cozy Textiles:
Add comfort and coziness to your cottagecore home with soft textiles, such as chunky knit blankets, embroidered cushions, and vintage-inspired quilts. Layering these cozy fabrics creates a welcoming and intimate atmosphere.
Antiques and Vintage Finds:
Scour flea markets, thrift stores, and online vintage shops to find unique antiques and vintage pieces that tell a story. Whether it’s a weathered farmhouse table or a decorative wall mirror with intricate detailing, these treasures add character to your space.
Handcrafted Artwork:
Support local artisans and showcase their handcrafted artwork in your cottagecore home. Whether it’s a hand-painted landscape, a woven tapestry, or handmade ceramic pottery, these pieces add a personal touch and celebrate the beauty of craftsmanship.
By incorporating these cottagecore home decor styles, you can create a charming and inviting space that exudes the essence of cottagecore living.
Cottagecore Home Decor Styles | Description |
---|---|
Natural Materials | Showcasing the beauty of wood, wicker, and rattan |
Floral Prints and Patterns | Incorporating delicate floral motifs into your decor |
Cozy Textiles | Laying soft knit blankets, embroidered cushions, and vintage quilts |
Antiques and Vintage Finds | Finding unique treasures with character and history |
Handcrafted Artwork | Supporting local artisans and celebrating craftsmanship |
Creating a Cottagecore Living Room
Even in the heart of the city, you can transform your living room into a cozy country cottage. Embrace charming ideas such as floral patterns, vintage decor, and natural elements to bring the cottagecore aesthetic into your living space.
When designing your cottagecore living room, focus on creating a warm and inviting atmosphere that reflects the simplicity and natural beauty of the countryside. Incorporate elements that evoke a sense of nostalgia and tranquility.
Create a Floral Haven
Floral patterns are a signature feature of cottagecore style. Choose fabrics adorned with delicate flowers, whether it’s floral wallpaper, curtains, or upholstery. The soft, romantic hues will infuse your living room with a charming and whimsical ambiance.
Add Vintage Touches
Incorporate vintage decor pieces to enhance the cottagecore aesthetic. Look for antique furniture, such as a vintage coffee table or an elegant armchair with intricate details. These timeless pieces will add character and rustic charm to your living room.
Bring Nature Indoors
Natural elements are essential in cottagecore living rooms. Introduce houseplants, such as potted herbs or cascading vines, to bring life and freshness to your space. Display fresh flowers in vintage vases for a touch of natural beauty.
To further enhance the cottagecore vibe, consider adding a rustic fireplace or a cozy reading corner with shelves filled with your favorite books. These elements will create a cozy and comforting atmosphere, perfect for unwinding after a long day.
Remember, the charm of a cottagecore living room lies in its simplicity and connection with nature. Incorporate these charming ideas to transform your living room into a cozy country cottage retreat.
Continue reading to explore enchanting dining room ideas that combine rustic and romantic elements.
Rustic Meets Romantic in the Dining Room
Dive into a world of simplicity and charm with cottagecore dining room ideas. Create a rustic farmhouse ambiance with vintage furniture, floral accents, and a touch of romance for a cozy and inviting space.
A cottagecore dining room is a perfect blend of rustic charm and romantic ambiance. It’s a space where you can gather with loved ones and enjoy intimate meals in a warm and inviting atmosphere. To create the cottagecore dining room of your dreams, here are some ideas to inspire you:
- Vintage Furniture: Incorporate antique or vintage furniture pieces to add character and nostalgia to your dining area. Look for distressed wooden tables, mismatched chairs, and old-fashioned cabinets to achieve the rustic farmhouse look.
- Floral Accents: Bring the beauty of nature indoors with floral accents throughout the dining room. Opt for floral-printed curtains, table linens, or upholstery to add a touch of color and whimsy.
- Ambient Lighting: Set the mood with soft and warm lighting. Choose vintage-inspired chandeliers, wall sconces, or candleholders to create a romantic ambiance that enhances the rustic charm of the space.
- Natural Elements: Embrace the essence of cottagecore by incorporating natural elements into your dining room decor. Display fresh flowers or potted plants on the table or windowsill to bring life and freshness to the space.
- Cozy Textiles: Add comfort and coziness with plush textiles. Consider incorporating vintage lace tablecloths, embroidered cushions, or cozy wool throws to make the dining room feel inviting and warm.
“A cottagecore dining room is a place to indulge in good food, good company, and the nostalgic charm of a bygone era.”
By combining rustic farmhouse elements with romantic accents, you can create a welcoming and enchanting cottagecore dining room. It’s a space that celebrates simplicity, natural beauty, and the joy of shared meals.
Key Features | Benefits |
---|---|
Vintage furniture | – Adds character and nostalgia – Creates a rustic ambiance |
Floral accents | – Adds color and whimsy – Enhances the cottagecore aesthetic |
Ambient lighting | – Sets a romantic mood – Highlights the rustic charm |
Natural elements | – Connects with nature – Brings freshness to the space |
Cozy textiles | – Adds comfort and warmth – Invites relaxation and enjoyment |
Cozy Cottagecore Decor Ideas for Your Home
Embrace the cottagecore aesthetic with these decor ideas that celebrate simplicity, nature, and all things rustic. Transform your home into a cozy haven that exudes cottagecore charm. Whether you’re looking to create a vintage shabby chic retreat or an eclectic cottage hideaway, these ideas will infuse your space with warmth and tranquility.
1. Bring the Outdoors In
Add a touch of nature to your cottagecore decor by incorporating elements from the great outdoors. Place potted plants in every room, hang floral wreaths on your walls, or display a collection of driftwood. The natural beauty of these elements will bring a sense of calm and tranquility to your space.
2. Embrace Vintage Shabby Chic
Give your home a cozy, nostalgic feel with vintage shabby chic decor. Look for distressed furniture pieces, floral patterns, and delicate lace accents. Mix and match different textures and colors to create a charming and eclectic atmosphere.
3. Create a Cozy Reading Nook
Escape into a world of books and relaxation with a cozy reading nook. Place a comfortable armchair next to a window, add a soft blanket, and create a display of your favorite books. Surround yourself with cushions and fairy lights for a magical and enchanting reading experience.
4. Hang Botanical Prints
Add a touch of nature to your walls by hanging botanical prints. Choose vintage-inspired prints of flowers, leaves, or herbs to create a rustic and whimsical atmosphere. You can frame them or use removable adhesive strips to create a gallery wall that showcases the beauty of the natural world.
5. Use Soft and Inviting Textiles
Add warmth and comfort to your cottagecore decor with soft and inviting textiles. Choose cozy blankets, fluffy pillows, and plush rugs in natural colors and textures. Opt for materials like cotton, linen, or wool to create a tactile and soothing environment.
6. Incorporate Rustic Elements
Embrace the rustic charm of cottagecore by incorporating natural and aged materials into your decor. Use reclaimed wood for shelves or furniture pieces, display vintage ceramics or Mason jars, and hang woven wall tapestries. These elements will add a sense of history and authenticity to your space.
7. Create a Magical Lighting Ambiance
Enhance the cozy and whimsical atmosphere of your cottagecore home with magical lighting. Hang fairy lights across your walls or drape them around windows and mirrors. Place candles in vintage candle holders or lanterns to create a warm and intimate ambiance.
8. Display Curated Collections
Showcase your love for the cottagecore aesthetic by displaying curated collections. Arrange vintage teacups on a shelf, create a gallery wall of antique frames, or display a collection of vintage books. These collections will add personality and charm to your home.
With these cozy cottagecore decor ideas, you can create a welcoming and enchanting space that celebrates the simplicity and beauty of nature. Embrace the cottagecore aesthetic and transform your home into a rustic haven that is both nostalgic and inviting.
Choosing the Perfect Cottagecore Paint Colors
Picking the right paint colors is crucial for achieving the cottagecore aesthetic in your home. The colors you choose can greatly impact the overall ambiance and create a sense of warmth and nostalgia. When selecting cottagecore paint colors, it’s important to consider whole-house connectivity and cohesiveness to ensure that your home’s design flows seamlessly from room to room.
A carefully chosen color palette can tie together different areas of your home and create a sense of unity and harmony. Harmonious color schemes enhance the cottagecore charm and create a tranquil living space that reflects the simplicity and vintage elegance of cottagecore style.
Consider the following tips when choosing cottagecore paint colors:
- Create a cohesive color scheme: Start by selecting a main color for your home. This color will serve as the base for the entire house. Then, choose additional colors that complement the main color and create a harmonious palette. For a cottagecore aesthetic, earthy tones, pastels, and muted shades work well.
- Connect spaces with color: To create whole-house connectivity, use consistent colors throughout different rooms. This doesn’t mean every room needs to have the exact same color, but choosing complimentary shades or variations of the same hue will help establish a cohesive flow.
- Consider the size and natural light of each room: Darker color palettes can make small rooms feel even smaller, while lighter colors can create an illusion of space. Also, consider the amount of natural light in each room, as it can affect how colors appear.
Remember, the goal is to achieve a sense of cottagecore charm and create a space that feels cozy, nostalgic, and filled with natural beauty. Let the colors you choose reflect the simplicity and elegance of cottagecore style.
“The right paint colors can transform your home into a cottagecore haven, evoking a sense of warmth, nostalgia, and natural beauty.”
With the right cottagecore paint colors, you can bring the rustic allure of cottage living into your modern home. Let’s explore some popular cottagecore color palettes:
Cottagecore Color Palette | Subtle Pastels | Natural Neutrals |
---|---|---|
Pale pink Soft yellow Lavender Mint green | Beige Off-white Soft gray Sage |
These color palettes encompass the essence of cottagecore, providing a range of soft and natural tones that create a calm and inviting atmosphere. Whether you prefer the delicate hues of subtle pastels or the earthy warmth of natural neutrals, these colors will help you achieve the cottagecore aesthetic you desire.
Enhancing the Cottagecore Bedroom
Create a whimsical and cozy cottagecore bedroom that transports you to a bygone era filled with nostalgia and natural beauty. Infuse your personal sanctuary with floral patterns, vintage decor, and natural elements to create a tranquil oasis that reflects the charm of cottagecore living.
Embrace the timeless allure of floral patterns in your cottagecore bedroom. Choose floral wallpapers or beddings with delicate blooms to bring nature-inspired beauty indoors. Layer floral prints with solid colors for a harmonious and soothing aesthetic that evokes the tranquility of a cottage garden.
Introduce vintage decor elements to enhance the cottagecore ambiance. Look for antique furniture pieces or thrifted treasures that showcase intricate craftsmanship and rustic charm. A vintage vanity or a repurposed dresser can act as statement pieces, adding character and nostalgia to your bedroom.
For a truly authentic cottagecore bedroom, incorporate natural elements into your decor. Add potted plants, dried flowers, or botanical artwork to bring the beauty of the outdoors inside. These natural elements not only create a calming atmosphere but also connect you with nature, a key aspect of the cottagecore lifestyle.
Create a Tranquil Reading Nook
To further enhance your cottagecore bedroom, create a tranquil reading nook where you can escape with your favorite books. Arrange a cozy armchair by a sunny window and drape it with soft throws and floral-patterned cushions. Add a vintage-inspired floor lamp for warm ambient lighting and a small side table to hold your cup of tea or coffee.
Surrounding yourself with the magic of floral patterns, vintage decor, and natural elements in your cottagecore bedroom will not only create a serene and cozy space but also transport you to a simpler time, where the beauty of nature and the charm of the past merge harmoniously.
DIY Projects to Personalize Your Cottagecore Home
Add a personal touch to your cottagecore home with DIY projects. Let your creativity shine through as you infuse your space with unique and charming elements that reflect your personality. Whether you’re a seasoned DIY enthusiast or just starting out, these projects will allow you to add a touch of personalization to your cottagecore haven.
Create Your Own Woven Wall Hangings
One way to add a cozy and rustic vibe to your cottagecore home is by creating your own woven wall hangings. Use natural materials such as yarn, twine, and dried flowers to craft intricate patterns and textures. Hang them above your fireplace or as a focal point in your living room to add a handmade touch that evokes the charm of a cottage in the countryside.
Construct a Customized Bookshelf
Transform your plain bookshelf into a statement piece by adding personalized touches. Paint the shelves in soft pastel hues or distressed finishes to achieve a vintage look. Decorate the shelves with antique books, small potted plants, and vintage trinkets to create a whimsical and enchanting display that perfectly complements your cottagecore aesthetic.
Design a Cozy Reading Nook
Create your own cozy reading nook where you can escape into your favorite books and unwind. Find a quiet corner in your home and gather pillows, blankets, and a comfortable chair or hammock. Add fairy lights or string lights for a magical ambiance. Fill the nook with vintage books, scented candles, and small plants to create a tranquil and dreamy space that is perfect for getting lost in your imagination.
For more inspiration and DIY ideas to personalize your cottagecore home, check out online tutorials and craft blogs. Remember, the key is to embrace your own style and preferences while incorporating elements that capture the essence of cottagecore.
Add a personal touch to your cottagecore home with DIY projects. Whether it’s adding new plants, hanging up artwork, or getting more elaborate with various DIY projects, infuse your space with your own personality.
Bring Cottagecore Aesthetics to Your Kitchen
Create a cozy cottagecore kitchen with the perfect blend of vintage-inspired decor, natural elements, and a cottagecore aesthetic. Add warmth and charm to your kitchen space with cottagecore-inspired design ideas.
Embrace the simplicity and rustic elegance of a cottagecore kitchen by incorporating vintage-inspired decor. Opt for antique kitchen appliances and utensils to add a touch of nostalgia to your space. Display vintage teapots, mason jars, and floral-patterned dishware on open shelves or on a rustic kitchen island.
“In a cottagecore kitchen, you want to create a sense of warmth and nostalgia. Vintage-inspired decor and natural elements are key to embracing the cozy cottagecore aesthetic.”
Integrate natural elements into your cottagecore kitchen design to bring nature indoors. Consider adding a herb garden on a windowsill or hanging dried flowers from the ceiling. Incorporate wooden elements such as an exposed beam or reclaimed wood countertops to enhance the rustic charm of your kitchen.
The color palette for a cottagecore kitchen should feature soft, muted tones and earthy hues. Choose pastel colors for cabinetry, such as pale blue or mint green, and pair them with neutral shades like cream or white for a timeless look.
Lighting plays a crucial role in creating a cozy ambiance in your cottagecore kitchen. Opt for warm, soft lighting with vintage-inspired fixtures or pendant lights to enhance the overall aesthetic. Consider installing a farmhouse-style chandelier above a dining table or a rustic lantern as a focal point.
Essential Elements for a Cottagecore Kitchen
Element | Description |
---|---|
Vintage-inspired decor | Antique kitchen appliances, mason jars, and floral dishware |
Natural elements | Herb garden, dried flowers, and wooden accents |
Soft color palette | Muted tones and earthy hues |
Cozy lighting | Warm, soft lighting with vintage-inspired fixtures |
Bringing cottagecore aesthetics to your kitchen can transform it into a cozy and inviting space. By incorporating vintage-inspired decor, natural elements, and a soft color palette, you can create a charming cottagecore kitchen that exudes warmth and cottagecore charm.
The Essence of Cottagecore Style Homes
Cottagecore style homes embody the essence of simplicity, vintage charm, and a deep connection with nature. This enchanting design aesthetic celebrates the beauty of natural materials, soft color palettes, and the richness of handcrafted items. By embracing the cottagecore style, you can transform your home into a tranquil haven that exudes warmth and nostalgia.
One of the defining features of cottagecore style homes is their emphasis on simplicity. This design philosophy values a clutter-free environment and a sense of minimalism, allowing the natural beauty of your surroundings to take center stage. By using clean lines, unadorned furnishings, and a neutral color palette, you can create a serene and inviting space that encourages relaxation and tranquility.
Inspired by the charm of bygone eras, cottagecore style homes incorporate vintage elements that add a touch of nostalgia and whimsy. Antique furniture, delicate floral patterns, and vintage decor items transport you to a simpler time, evoking feelings of warmth and coziness. These elements create a unique and personal space that tells a story and reflects your individuality.
Natural materials play a vital role in cottagecore style homes, bringing the beauty of the outdoors inside. Incorporate elements such as wooden furniture, stone accents, and natural textiles to create a harmonious connection with nature. The use of natural materials not only adds authenticity to your home’s aesthetic but also contributes to a sense of grounding and tranquility.
The cottagecore style embraces the handmade and the artisanal. It celebrates the art of crafting and values one-of-a-kind pieces that showcase the beauty of imperfection. Handcrafted items, whether it’s a knitted blanket, a hand-painted piece of pottery, or a homemade candle, infuse your home with character and a sense of authenticity.
“Cottagecore style homes celebrate the beauty of simplicity, vintage charm, and a deep connection with nature. By incorporating natural materials, embracing a neutral color palette, and adding vintage elements, you can create a serene and enchanting space that exudes cottagecore charm.”
When designing your cottagecore style home, remember to keep simplicity, vintage charm, and natural materials at the heart of your design decisions. By infusing your home with the essence of cottagecore, you can create a space that not only showcases your love for nostalgia and simplicity but also embraces the beauty of the world around you.
Essential Elements of Cottagecore Style Homes | Description |
---|---|
Simplicity | A clutter-free environment with clean lines and minimalistic design. |
Vintage Charm | Antique furniture, floral patterns, and vintage decor items that evoke feelings of warmth and nostalgia. |
Natural Materials | Wood, stone, and natural textiles that create a harmonious connection with nature. |
Handcrafted Items | Unique and artisanal pieces that showcase the beauty of imperfection. |
Cottagecore Home vs. Traditional Cottages and Farmhouse Styles
When it comes to home design, there are different styles that embrace rustic allure and warmth, each with its own unique execution and core philosophy. In this section, we will explore the distinctions between cottagecore homes, traditional cottages, and farmhouse styles.
Cottagecore Home
A cottagecore home is a modern interpretation of the traditional countryside cottage aesthetic. It celebrates simplicity, vintage charm, and a deep connection with nature. Cottagecore homes incorporate elements such as floral patterns, vintage decor, and natural materials to create a cozy and nostalgic atmosphere.
Traditional Cottages
Traditional cottages are historical dwellings found in rural areas. They typically have a compact size and are built with local materials such as stone or timber. Traditional cottages often feature thatched roofs, exposed wooden beams, and small, intimate rooms. These homes reflect a simpler way of life and are known for their cozy and charming ambiance.
Farmhouse Styles
Farmhouse styles draw inspiration from the practicality and functionality of rural farmhouses. They emphasize spaciousness and functionality, with open floor plans and large communal areas. Farmhouse homes often showcase a blend of rustic and modern elements, combining exposed wooden beams, vintage furniture, and contemporary finishes.
While all three styles embrace rustic allure and warmth, they differ in their design details and overall ambiance. The table below provides a summary of the key differences between cottagecore homes, traditional cottages, and farmhouse styles:
Cottagecore Home | Traditional Cottages | Farmhouse Styles | |
---|---|---|---|
Design Elements | Floral patterns, vintage decor, natural materials | Thatched roofs, exposed wooden beams, local materials | Exposed wooden beams, vintage furniture, contemporary finishes |
Atmosphere | Cozy, nostalgic | Cozy, charming | Spacious, functional |
Room Layout | Intimate, smaller rooms | Intimate, smaller rooms | Open floor plans, large communal areas |
Understanding the distinctions between these styles will help you choose the one that aligns with your personal taste and the overall aesthetic you envision for your home.
Immerse yourself in the rustic allure of cottagecore, the charming ambiance of traditional cottages, or the functional elegance of farmhouse styles. Whichever style you choose, embrace the unique character and create a home that reflects your personal style and brings warmth and comfort to your everyday life.
Conclusion
Embrace the cottagecore aesthetic in your home to create a charming and tranquil living space that exudes rustic elegance and vintage nostalgia. By incorporating elements such as floral patterns, vintage decor, and natural materials, you can transform your house into a cozy cottagecore haven.
Whether it’s a cozy country cottage or a city apartment, the cottagecore charm brings a sense of warmth and simplicity to any space. The blend of rustic elements and vintage nostalgia creates a unique atmosphere that invites relaxation and serenity.
From the cozy cottagecore living room to the whimsical cottagecore bedroom, every corner of your home can be infused with the enchanting essence of cottagecore. Embrace simplicity, celebrate nature, and relish in the timeless beauty of vintage-inspired designs to create a truly remarkable living environment.
FAQ
How can I create a cottagecore living room?
Embrace charming ideas such as floral patterns, vintage decor, and natural elements to bring the cottagecore aesthetic into your living space. Add cozy country cottage vibes to your living room by incorporating rustic furniture, soft colors, and whimsical accents.
What are some cottagecore dining room ideas?
Create a rustic farmhouse ambiance in your dining room with vintage furniture, floral accents, and a touch of romance. Mix and match different textures and patterns to achieve a cozy and inviting space that exudes cottagecore charm.
How can I decorate my home in the cottagecore style?
Embrace the cottagecore aesthetic with decor ideas that celebrate simplicity, nature, and all things rustic. Incorporate vintage shabby chic elements, eclectic cottage decor, and natural materials to create a cozy and inviting home that exudes cottagecore charm.
What should I consider when choosing cottagecore paint colors?
When selecting paint colors for a cottagecore-inspired home, consider whole-house connectivity and cohesiveness. Opt for soft, muted tones, earthy hues, and pastel shades that complement the natural and vintage elements in your home.
How can I create a cottagecore bedroom?
Transform your bedroom into a whimsical and cozy cottagecore retreat with floral patterns, vintage decor, and natural elements. Mix old and new items to create a tranquil and nostalgic space that reflects your personal style and love for the cottagecore aesthetic.
What are some DIY projects to personalize my cottagecore home?
Add a personal touch to your cottagecore home with various DIY projects. Consider adding more plants, hanging up artwork, or crafting your own decor pieces. Infuse your space with your own personality and creativity to create a truly unique cottagecore haven.
How can I bring cottagecore aesthetics to my kitchen?
Create a cozy cottagecore kitchen by incorporating vintage-inspired decor, natural elements, and a cottagecore aesthetic. Use reclaimed wood, open shelving, and vintage kitchenware to add warmth and charm to your kitchen space.
What defines cottagecore style homes?
Cottagecore style homes embody simplicity, vintage charm, and a deep connection with nature. They celebrate natural materials, soft color palettes, and the richness of handcrafted items. Cottagecore homes create a tranquil living space that exudes rustic elegance and vintage nostalgia.
How is a cottagecore home different from traditional cottages and farmhouse styles?
While all embrace rustic allure and warmth, each style differs in execution and core philosophy. Cottagecore homes focus on simplicity, vintage charm, and a deep connection with nature. Traditional cottages often emphasize historical authenticity, while farmhouse styles embody a blend of rustic and modern elements.